POWER ELECTRONICS

Electronic devices

The device in which the electron flow through the semiconductor

Application of the electronics

Communication

Industrial

Medical

Entertainment

Classification of components

Passive and active or electro-mechanic components.

Active components

• Diodes, sources, transistor, FET, BJT, thyristor, SCR optoelectronics, battery, and vacuum tubes.
• Produce the energy
• Unidirectional
• Require source for their operation
• Provides amplification
• Have controlling action
• Non-linear in nature

Passive components

• Resistor, inductor, capacitor, memristor, networks, transducers, sensors, detectors, antennas, assemblies, and modules
• Maintain and store the energy
• Bidirectional
• There is no requirement of source
• Do not provide amplification
• Do not having controlling action
• Linear in natural

Classification of materials

Depending upon the conductivity of materials they are classified as

1. Insulators
2. Semiconductor
3. Conductor

Insulators

• Conductivity is zero
• Insulator has practically no free electrons at ordinary temperature
• Conduction and valance bands are separated by a wide energy gap
• Very high resistivity

Semiconductor

• The conductivity of semiconductor lies in between that of conductor and insulator
• Energy band gap between conduction and valance is small
• Conductivity increases with increase in temperature
• Semiconductor have a negative temperature coefficient

Conductor

• The conductivity of the conductor is very high
• Since VB and CB overlap each other therefore energy band gap is almost zero
• On increasing the temperature conductivity decreases and resistance increases
• The conductor has a positive temperature coefficient

Types of semiconductor

1. Intrinsic or pure or un-doped
2. Extrinsic or impure or doped – two types n and p-type

Intrinsic semiconductor

These are the pure semiconductor in which no impurity atoms are added. These are no free charge carriers so behave like an insulator.

Extrinsic semiconductor

These are the impure semi-conductor that are obtained by the mixing of other atoms to the pure semiconductor. This process is known as doping

Extrinsic semiconductor are two types

a) p-type

b) n-type

P-type semiconductor

• If a trivalent impurity is added to the pure semiconductor, a p-type semiconductor is formed
• Trivalent impurity has three valance electrons
• In a p-type semiconductor, majority charge carriers are holes and minority charges are electrons.

N-type semiconductor

• If a Pentavalent impurity is added to the pure semiconductor, the N-type semiconductor is formed.
• Pentavalent impurity has five valance electrons
• In an n-type semiconductor, the majority charge carrier is electrons and minority charge carrier are holes

Electronic components

Diode

Transistor

FET - Field-effect transistor

MOSFET – Metal oxide field effect transistor (MOS transistor)

JFET - Junction field-effect transistor

IGBT – Insulated gate bipolar transistor

BJT – Bipolar junction transistor

Phototransistor

Thyristor

SCR – Silicon controlled rectifier

TRIAC –  Triode for alternating current

UJT – Unijunction transistor

Others